Ṣumi'ah-yi Pārmā: Persian 1401

The Abbey of Parma is a novel by Stendhal published in 1839 about an Italian nobleman during the Napoleonic era and later, which was admired by Balzac, Tolstoy, André Gide, de Lampedusa, and Henry James. Also, this novel has been used for opera, film, and television. Fabrizio del Dongo, a young Italian aristocrat, is determined to defy his rightist father's orders and fight for Napoleon. He appears in the battle of Waterloo, ready and at the same time full of enthusiasm for war and glory. Finally, according to the recommendations, Fabrizio returns to Milan. On his return, because his godfather Marquis del Dongo drives him out of the palace, he takes refuge with his aunt in Parm. In fact, the very beautiful Gina, who has been widowed, is married to the old Duke de Santorini and is the ornament of the little court of Parm. Young Fabrice, now that the path to military honor is closed to him, in such an environment, for the help of his aunt's ambition, he prepares to take the path of priest and becomes an old vice-bishop. But, his boisterous spirit, which has no real purpose, leads him to love affairs that are eventful and fleeting.