هگل و اندیشه فلسفی در روسیه 1830-1917 فارسی 1404

This article discusses in detail the influence of Hegelian philosophy on Russian thinkers in the 19th century. Russian thinkers were influenced by German philosophy before any other philosophy since the early 19th century, but their acquaintance with Hegel gave a completely new direction to their social, political, and even literary attitudes, and provided them with a new justification for their radical revolutionary activities. Of course, in the meantime, several social and political philosophers and even literary critics opposed Hegelian ideas. In any case, tracing Hegelian thought in the course of the intellectual, political, and social developments of the 19th century in Russia, which ultimately led to the Bolshevik Revolution, sheds new light on all these developments. The author, while expressing the influence of Hegelian philosophy on the aforementioned processes, raises the following issues: "Hegel's place in the debate between Westerners and Slavophiles" (The Spread of Hegelianism From Reconciliation to Rebellion: Belinsky, Bakunin; The Irreconcilability of Slavism with Hegelism, Herzen's Considerate Hegelianism) and "Hegelianism in the Period of Revolutionary Upheaval" (Naturalization of Dialectic, Anti-Hegelianism and Neo-Hegelianism of Spiritualist Philosophers, Materialist Friends of Hegelian Dialectic). The author states the result of his discussions as follows: "For almost a century, Hegel's philosophy has influenced Russian thought. Acquaintance with Hegel certainly helped 19th-century Russians to gain a deeper perspective of themselves and their relationship with the West, and finally, some very strong egoistic, nihilistic, anarchist or, conversely, collectivist tendencies in Russia at that time prevented Hegel's political philosophy from succeeding in exerting a proper influence on the fate of the Russian state."