Ilāhīyāt-i ijtimā'ī-yi Masīḥīyat: Persiska (Farsi) 1397

This writing is done in two parts and each part has three chapters. The first part deals with Catholic social theology and the second part deals with Protestant social theology. The first chapter of the first part is the general discussion and definition of concepts and words that are in some way the shape of the discussion or have a key role in this research. The title of the second chapter is "From Christ the Shepherd to the Sovereign Pope". In this chapter, the original teachings of Jesus (pbuh) and the process of turning it into an authoritarian and coherent ritual (from the beginning to the fourth century) and then, its transformation into a government ritual and tendency towards power and even becoming a government and control over society. from the 4th century to the 14th century) and finally, from government to isolation and the end of social and political power and exclusion from society and politics (from the 14th century to the 18th century). The main destination of the article is the third chapter, in which we have specifically discussed how the Catholic Church faces the modern world and the problems it faces, especially for believers. These strategies are briefly called social theology; That is, theological and religious solutions for people's problems in the industrial age. The social theology of the Catholic Church was pursued in two ways: papal and episcopal statements and practices outside the framework of the Church and, in a way, practical and pastoral theology. We have organized the Protestant section into three chapters with the titles "Protestantism's Attitude to the World", "Protestantism and Social Theology" and "Protestantism, Politics and Political Theology". In the first chapter, we have discussed the type of Protestantism's view of the world, politics, government, etc., and we have pointed out that the Protestant school had and has a more favorable ground for confronting and reconciling with the modern and industrial world; To the extent that some believe that the emergence of Protestantism was not possible before modernity and renaissance, and also, the economic developments of the new world are in the shadow of Protestantism. The second chapter is about the social theology of Protestantism, in terms of opinion and practice, and pays special attention to some prominent schools of this approach. And since attention to politics and political performance, that is, theoretical and practical attention to politics, is a part of social theology and is prominent in Protestantism. We have dedicated the third chapter to the political theology in this religion and we have examined the political theology of some prominent people of this school.