Īrān va 'Us̲mānī dar Āstānah-yi Qarn-i Bīstum: Persiska (Farsi)

Although the Islamic civilization has covered a wide geographical area from the west and the heart of Africa to behind the walls of China and the southern parts of the Indian subcontinent, throughout history, two Iranian and Ottoman figures have been its most important representatives. The Iranian image of Islamic civilization includes the eastern geography of this civilization and the Ottoman image includes the central and western parts of the Islamic world. Although these two are strings of the same instrument, they have spent a large part of their history in disharmony and conflict with each other. It is natural that these inhomogeneities, although they were very heartbreaking for our friends, for our common enemies, whose mysterious and behind-the-scenes faces we always see on both sides of the story, it was a pleasant song. These disharmonies have sometimes progressed to the point where the people of these two regions are unaware of each other and a favorable ground has been provided for the abuses of others. However, these two powers have been in the space of trade and mutual influence on each other in many parts of history. In the meantime, the literature of both these geographical areas can witness this historical truth. With the arrival of the 19th century, while the governments of Iran and the Ottoman Empire were going through a period of decline and stagnation, the European civilization, which was a rival and a common enemy of Iran and the Ottoman Empire, entered a period of power and influence over its old rivals. This was while the spread of technologies such as the printing press and the telegraph increased the scope of communication and created a new class on both sides of the borders that had new words in different fields of thought. This group, which was also known by names such as the modernists and the enlightened ones, etc., affected the material and spiritual fields of their societies with the spread of new political, cultural, and social ideas, and transformed social and individual relationships. This course, the peak of which was at the beginning of the 20th century, left many historical influences and changes both in Iran and in the Ottoman Empire. These similarities are not accidental, they undoubtedly originate from a common common trend and indicate the history of the two countries. The intellectual currents and social movements of the two countries also had a lot of mutual effects on each other in the given period, and among these, the Ottoman contribution in transferring various aspects of Western civilization and waves of modernization to Iran is noteworthy and studyable. Among the books that have been written in this field is the two-volume book "Iran and Ottomans on the Threshold of the 20th Century", which deals with a comparative study of the activities of the intellectual movement in Iran and Ottomans in more than 1,500 pages. This book is written by Rahim Raisnia, one of the researchers of the contemporary history of Iran and Turkey, who, in addition to researching the thoughts of Iranian intellectuals of the Qajar period in the Ottoman capital, has elaborated on the views of the Ottoman intellectual movement.