Qawmīyat va Qawm'garāyī dar Īrān, az Afsānah ta Vāqi'īyat: Persiska (Farsi) 1402

This research takes a critical look at ethnic studies from a methodological point of view and aims to evaluate issues such as ethnicity, nationality, and identity with a critical look at ethnic studies in the West and the non-historical generalization of the concepts of ethnicity, ethnocentrism, and tribes to societies such as Iran. put The author believes that what is known as ethnicity and ethnic nationalism in the current literature of political science and sociology is not visible in Iran's past, and it is only from the middle of the 20th century onwards that efforts have been made to politicize linguistic and religious issues. In response to the question of what factors have played a role in trying to politicize these issues in contemporary Iran, he believes that only a theoretical framework based on the historical sociology of Iran can answer this question. The author applies his theoretical framework, which is based on the three basic variables of the modern authoritarian state, the struggle of political elites, and international political influence, about the developments in Kurdistan, Azerbaijan, and Baluchistan, Iran, to measure its empirical validity. Hamid Ahmadi was born in 1336 in Mashhad. He completed his high school education there and his university education in the field of political science at the University of Tehran and Carleton University in Canada at the doctorate level. In the years 1360 to 1369, he worked as a political commentator and translator of Middle East issues in the press. Ahmadi is currently a political science professor at Tehran University.