Ravāyat'shināsī (Mabāni-yi Naẓarīyah-yi Ravāyat): Persian 1402

Narratology is the study of narrative structure and the ways in which these affect human perception. Its theoretical lineage can be traced back to Aristotle (the poet), but it is accepted that modern narratology began with the Russian formalists, especially Vladimir Propp (The Morphology of the Folktale, 1928) and Mikhail Bakhtin's theories of heteroglossia, dialogism, and chronology. Cognitive narratology is a new development that allows a broader understanding of narrative. Rather than focusing on story structure, cognitive narratology asks the question of "how humans make sense of stories" and "how humans use stories as sense-making tools." Structuralist narratologists such as Raymond Kenan define narrative as "the sequential narration of fictional events". Cognitive narratologists focus on how people experience something as a narrative rather than the structure of the text itself. The six-word story "For Sale: Baby Shoes, Never Worn" is often cited as an example that does not qualify as a narrative in a purely structural approach, but evokes a sense of narrative.