Sākhtan barā-yi māndan: Persian 1401

James C. Collins and Jerry A. Porras Using a six-year research project at the Stanford University School of Business, Porras selected eighteen truly exceptional companies that had been around for a long time (on average a century) and studied each in direct comparison with one of their top competitors. they did They looked at companies from the beginning to the present day - as start-ups, mid-sized companies, and large companies. During this study, the authors asked: "What differentiates exceptional companies from other competing companies, and what strategies have these long-lasting and great companies followed throughout their history?" What separates GE, 3M, Merck, Wal-Mart, Hewlett-Packard, Walt Disney, and Philip Morris from their competitors? For example, how did Procter & Gamble, which began life significantly behind rival Colgate, eventually emerge as the dominant entity in its industry? How was Motorola able to transform itself from a modest battery business into an integrated company? , while Zenit never dominated anything other than television? How Boeing overthrew McDonnell Douglas as the world's best commercial aircraft company? What did Boeing have that McDonnell Douglas lacked? Building to Last is filled with hundreds of specific examples organized into a coherent framework of practical concepts that can be applied by managers and entrepreneurs at all levels. Building to Last provides a blueprint for building organizations that will thrive into the 21st century and beyond.