Pas az Higil: Persiska (Farsi) 1400

Histories of German philosophy in the 19th century usually focus on its first half—when Hegel, idealism, and romanticism were dominant. In contrast, the remaining half of the century, after Hegel's death, is relatively neglected, as it is seen as a period of stagnation and decline. But Friedrich Beiser argues that the second half of the century was actually one of the most revolutionary periods of modern philosophy, because the nature of philosophy itself was usable, and the lack of certainty led to creativity and the beginning of a new era. In this concise and innovative history of German philosophy from 1840 to 1900, Beiser does not focus on individual subjects or thinkers, but on five major debates of the period: the identity crisis of philosophy, the materialism controversy, the methods and limits of history, the controversy pessimism And. I will not know the dispute. Schopenhauer and Wilhelm Dilthey play important roles in these controversies, but many overlooked figures include Ludwig Buchner, Eugen Döring, Eduard von Hartmann, Julius Fraunstadt, Hermann Lutze, Adolf Trendelenburg, and two women named Agnes Taubert. and Olga Pobert, play an important role in these writings and ideas. Those who are completely forgotten in the history of philosophy. The result of all this is an extensive, innovative, and surprising new account of German philosophy in the critical period between Hegel and the 20th century.