موسیقی‌دانان دیروز فارسی 1401

"Yesterday's Musicians" has been introduced by researchers of higher cultural studies as an important and worthy of attention as well as valuable work and is considered a part of the knowledge treasure of civilization. This work has been reproduced from the original and has remained as faithful as possible to the original work. Therefore, in the original sources, you will see library stamps (because most of these works are kept in our most important libraries around the world) and other marks in this work. This work is in the public domain in the United States and possibly other countries. In the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) owns the copyright to the body of the work. Romain Rolland was born in Clemency, France. The family moved to Paris in 1880 to get a better education for their son. In 1886, Rowland entered high school. He passed his matriculation examination in 1889 and continued his studies in Rome, where he formed a lasting friendship with Malwida von Meissenbaug. He knew Wagner, Nietzsche and Ibsen. He received his doctorate of arts in 1895, with the first treatise on music ever presented at the Sorbonne. Roland became a professor of art history at the Paris Normal School. In 1904, he became a professor of music history at the Sorbonne. In his mid-thirties, he wrote successful plays about the French Revolution. After finishing his most famous work, Jean-Christophe, Roland devoted himself to writing. This ten-volume novel was an epic story of German musical genius. Rolland had already published a biography of Beethoven in 1903. With the completion of Jean-Christophe, Rolland was awarded the Grand Prix of Literature by the French Academy in 1913 and the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1915. With a series of anti-war writings in Swiss newspapers, Above the Battle, Roland became a leading figure in the pacifist movement during World War I. The book caused protests in France, but Rolland condemned the war and tried to show the uniqueness of Western culture. For this reason, he was called a traitor. In the 1920s Roland became interested in Indian philosophy and wrote a biography of Mahatma Gandhi. In 1923, Rowland founded the International Journal of Europe, which was against nationalism. Gradually he began to reject Stalinism and support non-violent social change. From 1914 to 1937 Roland lived in Switzerland. There he finished the second cycle of the novel called "Enchanted Spirit". Roland became a spokesperson for opposition to fascism and the Nazis. In the last years of his life, Roland lived in Vezlay and worked on the biography of Charles Peggy. On December 30, 1944, he was cured of tuberculosis, a disease he had suffered since childhood.