Farhang va iqtiṣād: Persian 1390

The book "Culture and Economics: On Values, Economics and International Business" written by Alke de Jong was published by Phoenix Publications. From the beginning of the 90s, culture was once again brought up in the field of economic analysis, although it did not have a place in the Arabs for most of the second half of the 20th century. In that period, the dominant view in economics was based on rational behavior and did not pay attention to the context in which the decision-making process took place. Disappointing results from this approach as well as developments in the world economy sowed the seeds of awareness and attention to the environment and the context of decisions. Of course, in the world of economics, there has always been a hidden trend that has had a special effect on the importance of context in decision-making. In addition, in other fields of social sciences, research was conducted on the influence of moral principles and beliefs on economic behavior and economic success. In the world of economics, the need to pay attention to culture as an explanatory factor was felt for the first time in two areas, the areas where researchers encountered cultural differences, that is so-called development economics and international trade. Since most researchers who study the development of underdeveloped countries are citizens of industrialized countries, they inevitably encounter differences between their home countries and the societies they research. The more these differences are, the tendency of researchers to explain these differences in terms of culture will be deeper. On this basis, the lack of progress in the process of economic development is considered to be cultural backwardness without any doubt, and unexpected economic progress is also considered the result of special values in a foreign culture.