Az musht ta musalsal (yik qarn bā junbish'ha-yi musalahanah jahan): Persian 1402

What is gathered in these pages is a colorful collection of the history of armed movements in the last one hundred and twenty years. On the one hand, struggles aimed at independence or separatism __ from Ireland to Cyprus, and from Kenya to Sri Lanka and Indonesia. On the other side of the spectrum, we come across groups and organizations whose goal is to overthrow the established government or ruling system. Castro's struggle in Cuba is the most prominent example of this. But in the meantime, we also see groups with goals that are either very big or very fanciful. The most obvious of these is the "Al-Qaeda" organization, which has gone to war with the Western world and does not shy away from using any methods and measures in this way. And, of course, there have also been idealists who, mainly in the 1970s, recognized violence as the solution to society's failures - Bader-Meinhof in Germany, the Red Brigades in Italy, and small rebel groups in the United States. Examples of absolute and illogical anarchism and nihilism - any logic - can also be seen in this, including the Aum sect in Japan, which decided to release poisonous gas among subway passengers as the best way to achieve its goal.