دوگانه‌ی امید و ناامیدی در رمان فارسی الفارسية 1401

The duality of hope and despair is an existential phenomenon. At the peak of despair, man is looking for hope because it is not possible to understand despair without hope, and these two are constantly connected to each other; Therefore, behind every despair lies a hope that involves the experience of suffering to reach it; In fact, the experience of hope is not possible without suffering, and hope builds human existence. In addition to the attitude towards the mentioned duality, this book tries to examine the human condition (mainly based on existentialist thoughts) and the ideological constructs of hope and despair in the Persian novel and measure the relationship of this duality with social developments; Because the duality of hope and despair and the themes based on it are social phenomena and are mainly linked to social developments.