انقلاب فرانسه (مجموعه تاریخ جهان) الفارسية 1402

The French Revolution was a period of radical political and social change in France that began in 1789 and ended with the establishment of the French Consulate in November 1799. It took into account the basic principles of liberal democracy, while terms such as liberty, equality, and fraternity reappeared in other uprisings, such as the Russian Revolution of 1917, and inspired campaigns for the abolition of slavery and universal suffrage. The values and institutions he created dominate French politics to this day. Its reasons are usually a combination of social, political, and economic factors, which proved that the ancient regime was unable to manage them. In May 1789, widespread social unrest led to the formation of a General Assembly, which became the National Assembly in June. Continuing unrest culminated in the Storming of the Bastille on July 14, which led to a series of radical measures by the Assembly, including the abolition of feudalism, the imposition of state control over the Catholic Church in France, and the expansion of suffrage. The next three years were dominated by a struggle for political control, exacerbated by economic stagnation and civil disorder. Austria, Britain, Prussia, and other foreign powers sought to restore the ancien régime by force, while many French politicians saw war as the best way to unite the nation and preserve the revolution by exporting it to other countries. These factors led to the outbreak of the French Revolutionary Wars in April 1792 and the proclamation of the First French Republic in September, followed by the execution of Louis XVI in January 1793.